前言
利用Python实现获取动态图表，废话不多说~
让我们愉快地开始吧~
开发工具
Python版本：3.6.4
相关模块：
re模块；
requests模块；
urllib模块；
pandas模块；
以及一些Python自带的模块。
环境搭建
安装Python并添加到环境变量，pip安装需要的相关模块即可。
看一下B站「数据可视化」版块的情况，第一个视频超2百万的播放量，4万+的弹幕
+
百度指数
获取百度指数，首先需要登陆你的百度账号
以关键词「王者荣耀」为例，时间自定义为-10-01～-10-10
通过开发者工具，我们就能看到曲线图的数据接口
然而一看请求得到的结果，发现并没有数据，原因是这里使用了JS加密
找到解决方法，成功实现爬取，代码实现
import timeimport jsonimport execjsimport datetimeimport requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodedef get_data(keywords, startDate, endDate, area):"""获取加密的参数数据"""# data_url = "/api/SearchApi/index?area=0&word=[[%7B%22name%22:%22%E7%8E%8B%E8%80%85%E8%8D%A3%E8%80%80%22,%22wordType%22:1%7D]]&startDate=-10-01&endDate=-10-10"params = {'word': json.dumps([[{'name': keyword, 'wordType': 1}] for keyword in keywords]),'startDate': startDate,'endDate': endDate,'area': area}data_url = '/api/SearchApi/index?' + urlencode(params)# print(data_url)headers = {# 复制登录后的cookie"Cookie": '你的cookie',"Referer": "/v2/main/index.html","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36"}# 获取data和uniqidres = requests.get(url=data_url, headers=headers).json()data = res["data"]["userIndexes"][0]["all"]["data"]uniqid = res["data"]["uniqid"]# 获取js函数中的参数t = "ev-fxk9T8V1lwAL6,51348+.9270-%"t_url = "/Interface/ptbk?uniqid={}".format(uniqid)rep = requests.get(url=t_url, headers=headers).json()t = rep["data"]return {"data": data, "t": t}def get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area):"""获取最终数据"""word = wordstartDate = startDateendDate = endDate# 调用get_data获取data和uniqidres = get_data(word, startDate, endDate, area)e = res["data"]t = res["t"]# 读取js文件with open('parsing_data_function.js', encoding='utf-8') as f:js = f.read()# 通过compile命令转成一个js对象docjs = pile(js)# 调用function方法,得到指数数值res = docjs.call('decrypt', t, e)# print(res)return resdef get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):"""获取时间列表"""dates = []dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")date = begin_date[:]while date <= end_date:dates.append(date)dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")return datesdef get_area():areas = {"901": "山东", "902": "贵州", "903": "江西", "904": "重庆", "905": "内蒙古", "906": "湖北", "907": "辽宁", "908": "湖南", "909": "福建", "910": "上海", "911": "北京", "912": "广西", "913": "广东", "914": "四川", "915": "云南", "916": "江苏", "917": "浙江", "918": "青海", "919": "宁夏", "920": "河北", "921": "黑龙江", "922": "吉林", "923": "天津", "924": "陕西", "925": "甘肃", "926": "新疆", "927": "河南", "928": "安徽", "929": "山西", "930": "海南", "931": "台湾", "932": "西藏", "933": "香港", "934": "澳门"}for value in areas.keys():try:word = ['王者荣耀']time.sleep(1)startDate = '-10-01'endDate = '-10-10'area = valueres = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)result = res.split(',')dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)for num, date in zip(result, dates):print(areas[value], num, date)with open('area.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(areas[value] + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')except:passdef get_word():words = ['诸葛大力', '张伟', '胡一菲', '吕子乔', '陈美嘉', '赵海棠', '咖喱酱', '曾小贤', '秦羽墨']for word in words:try:time.sleep(2)startDate = '-10-01'endDate = '-10-10'area = 0res = get_search_index(word, startDate, endDate, area)result = res.split(',')dates = get_date_list(startDate, endDate)for num, date in zip(result, dates):print(word, num, date)with open('word.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(word + ',' + str(num) + ',' + date + '\n')except:passget_area()get_word()复制代码
得到的CSV文件结果如下，有两种形式的数据
一种是多个关键词每日指数数据，另一种是一个关键词各省市每日指数数据
有了数据就可以用Python制作动图
import pandas as pdimport bar_chart_race as bcr# 读取数据# df = pd.read_csv('word.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])df = pd.read_csv('area.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])# 数据处理，数据透视表df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0)# 生成GIF# bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='word.gif', title='爱情公寓5演职人员热度排行')bcr.bar_chart_race(df_result, filename='area.gif', title='国内各省市王者荣耀热度排行')复制代码
5行Python代码，看看实现的效果
微博指数
百度搜索新浪的微博指数，打开网站一看，发现网页版无法使用
我们只需打开开发者工具，将你的浏览器模拟为手机端，刷新网页即可
可以看到，微指数的界面出来了
添加关键词，查看指数的数据接口
请求是Post方法，并且不需要登陆微博账号
import reimport timeimport jsonimport requestsimport datetime# 请求头信息headers = """accept: application/jsonaccept-encoding: gzip, deflate, braccept-language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9content-length: 50content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencodedcookie: '你的cookie'origin: referer: /index/newindex?visit_type=trend&wid=1011224685661sec-fetch-mode: corssec-fetch-site: same-originuser-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1x-requested-with: XMLHttpRequest"""# 将请求头字符串转化为字典headers = dict([line.split(": ",1) for line in headers.split("\n")])print(headers)# 数据接口url = '/index/ajax/newindex/getchartdata'# 获取时间列表def get_date_list(begin_date, end_date):dates = []dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(begin_date, "%Y-%m-%d")date = begin_date[:]while date <= end_date:dates.append(date)dt += datetime.timedelta(days=1)date = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")return dates# 相关信息names = ['汤唯', '朱亚文', '邓家佳', '乔振宇', '王学圻', '张艺兴', '俞灏明', '吴越', '梁冠华', '李昕亮', '苏可', '孙骁骁', '赵韩樱子', '孙耀琦', '魏巍']# 获取微指数数据for name in names:try:# 获取关键词IDurl_id = '/index/ajax/newindex/searchword'data_id = {'word': name}html_id = requests.post(url=url_id, data=data_id, headers=headers)pattern = pile(r'li wid=\\\"(.*?)\\\" word')id = pattern.findall(html_id.text)[0]# 接口参数data = {'wid': id,'dateGroup': '1month'}time.sleep(2)# 请求数据html = requests.post(url=url, data=data, headers=headers)result = json.loads(html.text)# 处理数据if result['data']:values = result['data'][0]['trend']['s']startDate = '-01-01'endDate = '-01-01'dates = result['data'][0]['trend']['x']# 保存数据for value, date in zip(values, dates):print(name, value, date)with open('weibo.csv', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(name + ',' + str(value) + ',' + date + '\n')except:pass复制代码
获取到的信息
也来生成一个动态图表
import pandas as pdimport bar_chart_race as bcr# 读取数据df = pd.read_csv('weibo.csv', encoding='utf-8', header=None, names=['name', 'number', 'day'])# 数据处理，数据透视表df_result = pd.pivot_table(df, values='number', index=['day'], columns=['name'], fill_value=0)# print(df_result[:10])# 生成GIFbcr.bar_chart_race(df_result[:10], filename='weibo.gif', title='大明风华演职人员热度排行')复制代码
结果展示
有喜欢可以尝试动手试试哦~
