本文为美国北德克萨斯大学（作者：Han Ren）的硕士论文，共67页。
相控阵自发明以来，在军事和民用领域都得到了广泛的应用。这些应用包括目标探测与跟踪、空间探测器通信、广播、人机界面与遥感。虽然相控阵应用显示出广阔的市场潜力，但相控阵的发展存在着成本高、结构复杂、带宽窄、功耗高等局限性。因此，需要新的想法来减少这些限制。
本文介绍了相控阵天线设计和应用的几种新方法。首先介绍了相控阵的基本原理和基本设计方程。其次，介绍了相控阵天线在雷达呼吸测量中的新应用。通过集成4×4巴特勒矩阵与四元天线阵列，将在辐射方向图形成四个不同的主波束。这种新方法可以提高测量精度，实现较高的检测率。第三，介绍了一种基于双频操作的紧凑型相控阵天线系统。双频功能可以使N天线系统获得2N个唯一的辐射波束（N为整数），与传统的单频系统相比，实现了显著的尺寸缩减。为了验证设计思想，设计并制作了一个工作在5GHz和8GHz的四元相控阵天线。测量结果与仿真结果吻合较好。最后，提出了一种采用双向串馈拓扑结构的相馈网络控制结构。这种双向串联馈电网络只需要较少的移相器，并通过施加控制电压来实现相位变化功能。
Since its invention, phased array has been extensively applied in both military and civil areas. The applications include target detecting and tracking, space probe communication, broadcasting, human-machine interfaces, and remote sensing. Although the phased array applications show a broad range of potential market, there are some limitations of phased array’s development: high cost, complex structure, narrow bandwidth, andhigh power consumption. Therefore, novel ideas are needed to reduce theseconstraints. In this thesis, several new approaches about the design andapplication of phased array are presents. First, the principle of phased array and fundamental design equations are introduced. Second, a new application of phased array antenna for radar respiration measurement is presented. By integrating a 4×4 Butler matrix with four-element antennaarray, there will be four distinct main beams in radiation pattern. This new approach can improve the measurement accuracy and realize a high detecting rate. Third, a compact phased array antennasystem based on dual-band operations is introduced. Dual-band function can make N-antenna system obtain 2N unique radiation beams (N is an integer) and achieve a significant size reduction compared to the conventional single-band system. To verify the design concept, a four-element phased array antenna working at 5GHz and8GHz is designed and fabricated. The measurement results make a good agreementwith the simulations. Finally, a novel architecture of steering phase feeding network by using bi-directional series-fed topology is presented. This bi-directional series-fed network needs less phase shifters and realizes steering phasefunction by applying control voltage.
引言
相控阵原理
相控阵天线在雷达呼吸测量中的新应用
基于双频运放的紧凑型相控阵天线系统
一种采用双向串馈拓扑的新型转向相馈网络结构
结论与展望
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