[转载] Python-类变量 成员变量 静态变量 类方法 静态方法 实例方法 普通函数

参考链接： Python中的类或静态变量

原文地址:/0705-yilushangyouni-Jacksu/p/6238187.html

Python-类变量，成员变量，静态变量，类方法，静态方法，实例方法，普通函数

#coding:utf-8

class class_name(object):

class_var = 'I am a class variable' #类变量

def __init__(self):

self.instance_var = 'I am a instance varibale' #成员变量（实例变量）

def instance_method(self, formal_parameter):

local_var_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量

self.local_var_also_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量

def ordinary_function(formal_parameter):

print "I am an ordinary function, I can't vist class var and intance var"

print self.instance_var #报错，因此普通函数无法访问成员函数

print clacc_var#报错，因此普通函数无法访问类变量

@classmethod

def class_method(cls, formal_parameter): #类方法

print 'I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var'

print 'I am class method, I am modifying the instance var'

cls.instance_var = formal_parameter

print cls.instance_var

print 'I am class method, I am modifying the class var'

class_var = formal_parameter

print class_var

@staticmethod

def static_method(formal_parameter):

print 'I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!!'

print "I can't modify anything in the class "

#print class_var

#print self.instance_var

print 'Get a class instance'

class_instance = class_name()

print '\r'

print "My name is class_instance, I can call class_method, " \

"statics_method, instance_method and instance_method, but I can't call ordinary_function"

print "I can show you:"

print '\r'

class_instance.class_method('class method is calling!!')

print '\r'

class_instance.static_method('static method in calling!!')

print '\r'

class_instance.instance_method('instance method is calling!!')

print '\r'

print 'class var is calling!!'

print class_instance.class_var

print '\r'

print 'instance var is calling!!'

print class_instance.instance_var

print '\r'

print 'Get a class!!'

print '\r'

print 'My name is class_name, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method, instance_method, and ordinary_function'

print "I can show you:"

print '\r'

class_name.class_method('class method is calling!!')

print '\r'

class_name.static_method('static method in calling!!')

print '\r'

#class_name.instance_method("instance method can't be calling!!")

print '\r'

print 'class var is calling!!'

print class_name.class_var

print '\r'

print 'instance var is calling!!'

print class_name.instance_var

print 'END!!'

Result:

Get a class instance

My name is class_instance, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method and instance_method, but I can't call ordinary_function I can show you:

I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var I am class method, I am modifying the instance var class method is calling!! I am class method, I am modifying the class var class method is calling!!

I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!! I can't modify anything in the class

class var is calling!! I am a class variable

instance var is calling!! I am a instance varibale

Get a class!!

My name is class_name, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method, instance_method, and ordinary_function I can show you:

I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var I am class method, I am modifying the instance var class method is calling!! I am class method, I am modifying the class var class method is calling!!

I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!! I can't modify anything in the class

class var is calling!! I am a class variable

instance var is calling!! class method is calling!! END!!

类变量：

类定义内部定义的变量（愚见，可以认为类内部没有self开头定义的变量，可以认为是类变量）

e.g. class_name中的class_var = 'I am a class variable' #类变量

成员变量：

类定义内部__init__函数内以self开头定义的变量

e.g. self.instance_var = 'I am a instance varibale' #成员变量（实例变量）

静态变量：

因为Python是动态语言，不存在完全静态的变量，这个概念查阅相关资料后认为指的就是类内部定义的类变量（欢迎指正）

类方法：

类内部定义的以@classmethod装饰的函数是类方法，类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。

e.g.

@classmethod

def class_method(cls, formal_parameter): #类方法

print 'I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var'

print 'I am class method, I am modifying the instance var'

cls.instance_var = formal_parameter

print cls.instance_var

print 'I am class method, I am modifying the class var'

class_var = formal_parameter

print class_var

静态方法：

类内部定义的以@staticmethod装饰的函数，类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。

e.g.

@staticmethod

def static_method(formal_parameter):

print 'I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!!'

print "I can't modify anything in the class "

#print class_var

#print self.instance_var

实例方法：

类内部定义的没有装饰器且第一个参数为self的函数，类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。

e.g.

def instance_method(self, formal_parameter):

local_var_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量

self.local_var_also_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量

普通函数：

类内部定义的既没有装饰器，也没有参数self的函数，类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。

e.g.

def ordinary_function(formal_parameter):

print "I am an ordinary function, I can't vist class var and intance var"

print self.instance_var #报错，因此普通函数无法访问成员函数

print clacc_var#报错，因此普通函数无法访问类变量

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