首先打开起点中文网，网址为：/
本次实战目标是爬取一本名叫《大千界域》的小说，本次实战仅供交流学习，支持作者，请上起点中文网订阅观看。
我们首先找到该小说的章节信息页面，网址为：/info/3144877#Catalog
点击检查，获取页面的html信息，我发现每一章都对应一个url链接，故我们只要得到本页面html信息，然后通过Beautifulsoup，re等工具，就可将所有章节的url全部得到存成一个url列表然后挨个访问便可获取到所有章节内容，本次爬虫也就大功告成了！
按照我的想法，我用如下代码获取了页面html，并在后端输出显示，结果发现返回的html信息不全，包含章节链接的body标签没有被爬取到，就算补全了headers信息，还是无法获取到body标签里的内容，看来起点对反爬做的措施不错嘛，这条道走不通，咱们换一条。
import requestsdef get():url = '/info/3144877#Catalog'req = requests.get(url)print(req.text)if __name__ == '__main__':get()
既然这个页面是动态加载的，故可能应用ajax与后端数据库进行了数据交互，然后渲染到了页面上，我们只需拦截这次交互请求，获取到交互的数据即可。
打开网页/info/3144877#Catalog，再次右键点击检查即审查元素，因为是要找到数据交互，故点击network里的XHR请求，精确捕获XHR对象，我们发现一个url为/ajax/book/category?_csrfToken=1iiVodIPe2qL9Z53jFDIcXlmVghqnB6jSwPP5XKF&bookId=3144877的请求返回的response是一个包含所有卷id和章节id的json对象，这就是我们要寻找的交互数据。
通过如下代码，便可获取到该json对象
import requestsimport randomdef random_user_agent():list = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2226.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.4; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36']seed = random.randint(0, len(list)-1)return list[seed]def getJson():url = '/ajax/book/category?_csrfToken=BXnzDKmnJamNAgLu4O3GknYVL2YuNX5EE86tTBAm&bookId=3144877'headers = {'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),'Referer': '/info/3144877','Cookie': '_csrfToken=BXnzDKmnJamNAgLu4O3GknYVL2YuNX5EE86tTBAm; newstatisticUUID=1564467217_1193332262; qdrs=0%7C3%7C0%7C0%7C1; showSectionCommentGuide=1; qdgd=1; lrbc=1013637116%7C436231358%7C0%2C1003541158%7C309402995%7C0; rcr=1013637116%2C1003541158; bc=1003541158%2C1013637116; e1=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_limitfree%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_E01%22%2C%22l1%22%3A4%7D; e2=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_free%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_A18%22%2C%22l1%22%3A3%7D'}res = requests.get(url=url, params=headers)json_str = res.textprint(json_str)if __name__ == '__main__':getJson()
在小说的章节信息页面里我发现有分卷阅读，点击进入后发现该页面包含该卷的所有章节内容，且每一个分卷阅读的前半段url都是/hankread/3144877/，变得只是该卷的id号，例如第一卷初来乍到的id为8478272，故阅读整个第一卷内容的链接为/hankread/3144877/8478272。故我们只需要在上述json对象里截取所有卷id，便可以爬取整本了！
爬取效果如下：
完整代码如下：
import requestsimport refrom bs4 import BeautifulSoupfrom requests.exceptions import *import randomimport jsonimport timeimport osimport sysdef random_user_agent():list = ['Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.77 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML like Gecko) Chrome/44.0.2403.155 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2227.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2226.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.4; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/41.0.2225.0 Safari/537.36']seed = random.randint(0, len(list)-1)return list[seed]def getJson():url = '/ajax/book/category?_csrfToken=BXnzDKmnJamNAgLu4O3GknYVL2YuNX5EE86tTBAm&bookId=3144877'headers = {'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),'Referer': '/info/3144877','Cookie': '_csrfToken=BXnzDKmnJamNAgLu4O3GknYVL2YuNX5EE86tTBAm; newstatisticUUID=1564467217_1193332262; qdrs=0%7C3%7C0%7C0%7C1; showSectionCommentGuide=1; qdgd=1; lrbc=1013637116%7C436231358%7C0%2C1003541158%7C309402995%7C0; rcr=1013637116%2C1003541158; bc=1003541158%2C1013637116; e1=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_limitfree%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_E01%22%2C%22l1%22%3A4%7D; e2=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_free%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_A18%22%2C%22l1%22%3A3%7D'}try:res = requests.get(url=url, params=headers)if res.status_code == 200:json_str = res.textlist = json.loads(json_str)['data']['vs']response = {'VolumeId_List': [],'VolumeNum_List': []}for i in range(len(list)):json_str = json.dumps(list[i]).replace(" ", "")volume_id = re.search('.*?"vId":(.*?),', json_str, re.S).group(1)volume_num = re.search('.*?"cCnt":(.*?),', json_str, re.S).group(1)response['VolumeId_List'].append(volume_id)response['VolumeNum_List'].append(volume_num)return responseelse:print('No response')return Noneexcept ReadTimeout:print("ReadTimeout!")return Noneexcept RequestException:print("请求页面出错！")return Nonedef getPage(VolId_List, VolNum_List):'''通过卷章Id找到要爬取的页面，并返回页面html信息:param VolId_List: 卷章Id列表:param VolNum_List: 每一卷含有的章节数量列表:return:'''size = len(VolId_List)for i in range(size):path = 'C://Users//49881//Projects//PycharmProjects//Spider2起点中文网//大千界域//卷' + str(i + 1)mkdir(path)url = '/hankread/3144877/'+VolId_List[i]print('\n当前访问路径：'+url)headers = {'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),'Referer': '/info/3144877','Cookie': 'e1=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_hankRead%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22%22%2C%22l1%22%3A3%7D; e2=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_hankRead%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22%22%2C%22l1%22%3A2%7D; _csrfToken=BXnzDKmnJamNAgLu4O3GknYVL2YuNX5EE86tTBAm; newstatisticUUID=1564467217_1193332262; qdrs=0%7C3%7C0%7C0%7C1; showSectionCommentGuide=1; qdgd=1; e1=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_limitfree%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_E01%22%2C%22l1%22%3A4%7D; e2=%7B%22pid%22%3A%22qd_P_free%22%2C%22eid%22%3A%22qd_A18%22%2C%22l1%22%3A3%7D; rcr=3144877%2C1013637116%2C1003541158; lrbc=3144877%7C52472447%7C0%2C1013637116%7C436231358%7C0%2C1003541158%7C309402995%7C0; bc=3144877'}try:res = requests.get(url=url, params=headers)if res.status_code == 200:print('第'+str(i+1)+'卷已开始爬取：')parsePage(res.text, url, path, int(VolNum_List[i]))else:print('No response')return Noneexcept ReadTimeout:print("ReadTimeout!")return Noneexcept RequestException:print("请求页面出错！")return Nonetime.sleep(3)def parsePage(html, url, path, chapNum):'''解析小说内容页面，将每章内容写入txt文件，并存储到相应的卷目录下:param html: 小说内容页面:param url: 访问路径:param path: 卷目录路径:return: None'''if html == None:print('访问路径为'+url+'的页面为空')returnsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')ChapInfoList = soup.find_all('div', attrs={'class': 'main-text-wrap'})alreadySpiderNum = 0.0for i in range(len(ChapInfoList)):sys.stdout.write('\r已爬取{0}'.format('%.2f%%' % float(alreadySpiderNum/chapNum*100)))sys.stdout.flush()time.sleep(0.5)soup1 = BeautifulSoup(str(ChapInfoList[i]), 'lxml')ChapName = soup1.find('h3', attrs={'class': 'j_chapterName'}).span.stringChapName = re.sub('[\/:*?"<>|]', '', ChapName)if ChapName == '无题':ChapName = '第'+str(i+1)+'章 无题'filename = path+'//'+ChapName+'.txt'readContent = soup1.find('div', attrs={'class': 'read-content j_readContent'}).find_all('p')for item in readContent:paragraph = re.search('.*?<p>(.*?)</p>', str(item), re.S).group(1)save2file(filename, paragraph)alreadySpiderNum += 1.0sys.stdout.write('\r已爬取{0}'.format('%.2f%%' % float(alreadySpiderNum / chapNum * 100)))def save2file(filename, content):with open(r''+filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:f.write(content+'\n')f.close()def mkdir(path):'''创建卷目录文件夹:param path: 创建路径:return: None'''folder = os.path.exists(path)if not folder:os.makedirs(path)else:print('路径'+path+'已存在')def main():response = getJson()if response != None:VolId_List = response['VolumeId_List']VolNum_List = response['VolumeNum_List']getPage(VolId_List, VolNum_List)else:print('无法爬取该小说！')print("小说爬取完毕!")if __name__ == '__main__':main()
