● All the necessary details are included, thus eliminating needless further correspondence. ● John did not come along, thereby making it necessary for us to get someone else to replace him. ⒊和“though, although”连用，表示“让步”，例如： ● Though working day and night, the gambler still could not make enough money to pay off his debts. ● Although answering all the questions in the test, Xiaogai did not get a good grade. ⒋和“even if, even though”连用，表示“条件”，例如： ● Even if still functioning, the old machine would be of no great value. ● Even though raining, we had to launch the campaign as planned. ⒌和“as if, as though”连用，表示“比较”，例如： ● The man walked hurriedly, but suddenly stopped, as if remembering something. ● Helen sat down in a quiet corner, as though waiting for someone to come. 就一般情况说，现在分词短语作副词用途时，它的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语。但是如果分词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，它便要有自己的主语而形成独立结构(an absolute construction)，即：“主语+现在分词短语”。例如： ● He stared at the approaching girl, his eyes widening. ● All the participants having arrived, the chairman declared the meeting open. 必要时，现在分词短语也可以和“with,without”等连用。例如： ● With their breath running out, some weaker athletes had to stop playing. ● In a quiet place like that, the villagers generally do as they wish, without anybody trying to bother about them.
