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在高中英语阅读教学实践中，语篇阅读处理过程中，困扰学生的不仅仅是词汇的问题。有的学生词汇量已经达到了一定的程度，但是面对一篇阅读材料时却一脸茫然，不知道从哪里下手，对文章的分析和理解也不够透彻，甚至会脱离作者的观点，时间浪费了很多，却没有达到应有的效果。其实阅读是有法可循的，只要按照正确的方法去阅读，学生定会达到事半功倍的效果。小阅今天和大家分享一些自己的理解。
第一、阅读篇章抓主题。老师要指导学生锁定文章的主题段及主题句。多数情况下，一篇文章的主题段往往位于一篇文章首段或尾段，而文章每一段的第一句或最后一句又往往是该段的中心句。把握文章的主题段和主题句后，对文章的体裁、题材以及文章的中心思想会有一个整体的把握，有助于增加学生的自信，为下一步展开阅读做好铺垫。
第二、培养关键词敏感意识。在平时的阅读训练中，老师要逐步培养学生查找关键词的能力。阅读文章的时候，一定不要把注意力平均到每个词或短语上，因为每一篇文章都有一些重要的词或短语，这些词或短语更有助于我们理清文章的脉络、线索，所以我们必须有查找关键词的能力，如叙述类文章里time、place、person等就是关键词，要特别关注。
第三、重点强化培养学生的推理能力。阅读训练中学生所接触到的阅读题，并不仅仅只是那些停留在阅读材料表面上的东西，有一些东西需要在对材料理解的基础上进行逻辑推理，这就要求学生必须把握好表示逻辑关系标志的词，如although、despite、but、whereas等，通过逻辑词来理清段与段、句与句的逻辑关系，达到更好推理的目的。
第四、传授学生猜词的技能。高考阅读题中并不是所有的单词或短语考生都能认识，有一些单词不影响学生对文章的理解，但有些单词或短语则要求考生必须通过上下文猜测其含义，否则会影响学生对文章的理解。这就要求学生在阅读过程中养成猜测词义的习惯，阅读过程中通过上下文中的同义词、关联词、解释等信息，恰当地猜测出词或短语的意思。
第五、培养时间观念，对学生进行限时阅读训练。有些学生存在着做阅读题慢，效率低而且准确率不高的现象。教师可以给学生300词左右的文章，要求在7-8分钟时间内完成，当然时间也可根据材料的难易而调整，这样可以使学生做阅读时更加集中注意力，提高速度和准确率。
小阅的这些理解对一些老师来说也许很熟悉了，多说不如多练，小阅下面和大家分享一篇选自《维克多英语 阅读6+1的文章》，一起学习下如何阅读一篇文章或分析试题。
After a long day at the offi ce, Jane Hodgson was on her way home and looking forward to relaxing witha nice cup of tea. While driving, she noticed that there was a car pulled over at theside of the road and a crowd had started to gather around someone who was lying on the floor.
Jane, who had completed a first aid at work course with the British Red Cross, pulled over to see if she could do something and it turned out to be lucky for the victim.
Describing the scene she saw, Jane says: “The onlookers were just that. A couple of young men were cream-faced and looking lost. They were completely terrifi ed. When I walked up, first aid kit (工具箱) in hand, they said ‘You’re a first aider — Oh thank God.’ They were so shocked that they hadn’t even thought to call for an ambulance yet.”
A young girl called Jenny was lying there. It turned out that the teen had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder.
“I was worried because she had not been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn’t be sure about a spinal (脊柱) injury, but after looking her over, in relief, I felt fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unharmed. Even so, as time passed and we continued to wait for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To avoid the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. We chatted about her boyfriend and anything I could think of to keep her mind off the pain. She squeezed my hand when the pain got too much and this helped.” describes Jane.
Thinking back, Jane says: “I never did find out what happened to the girl. Apart from the boyfriend I wasn’t thanked by anyone else, but that’s OK. For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward Ineed. It felt great to know I’d made a difference.”——选自《维克多英语阅读6+1 高二A版 P49 话题：我的急救经历》
本文主题：本文是一篇记叙文。Jane Hodgson在回家的路上碰到一起交通事故，幸运的是自己学过一些急救知识，而且正好派上用场，帮助受伤的小女孩转移注意力以防其陷入昏迷，并由此体会到小小的善举同样有重要的意义。
设题方面主要参考了阅读记叙文的整体思路：细节——关键词——主旨升华
1. Why did Jane Hodgson stop her car on the side of the road? （停车目的）
A.To offer some help. B.To repair her car.
C.To call for an ambulance. D.To pick up a patient.
2. Which part of Jenny’s body might be worst injured? （故事细节）
A. Her legs. B.Her hands.
C. Her head. D.Her stomach.
3. The underlined word “shock” in Paragraph 5 probably means ____. （关键词）
A. a state of fright B. a state of unconsciousness
C. a state of death D. a state of astonishment
『技能拓展：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。因此，我们可以利用上、下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而猜测词义。本题中，根据下文I kept her talking可知shock在此与a state of unconsciousness意义相近。本题也是熟词生义的一个典型例子。』
4. What mattered most in Jane’s help? （推断要点）
A. Calling an ambulance. B. Offering some first aids.
C. Finding out what happened.D. Drawing the girl’s attention away from pain.
5. What did Jane Hodgson learn from her experience of helping Jenny? （主旨升华）
A. Not all kindness needs reward. B. First aid can also save a person.
C. A small act can make a difference.D. It felt good to learn first aid skills.
『最后一段是文章的主旨升华。根据文章最后一段最后两句可知，在Jane看来，像急救这样的行为，尽管很普通，但同样很重要。本题是整个语篇的升华，学生读完整篇文章后思想上会有提升，所以针对此考点设题。』
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