第一部分，同义词替换
在论文写作中很多表达在所难免是重复的，如果这些表达全部使用同一单词或短语，难免会被认为作者词汇量匮乏，文章水平不行。所以，掌握一定水平的同义词使用方法，能够使文章更上档次。
使用同义词有助于避免文字单一，枯燥改善、增强与读者之间的沟通，帮助避免文本重复。
第二部分，连接词使用
如何让读者快速抓到文章的脉络呢，这其中少不了逻辑连接词的功劳，逻辑连接词的作用就好比是线，把一个个的论点论据给串起来。逻辑连接词也是文章逻辑最直观的体现。
第三部分，常用句式
学术论文由于其严谨、客观、准确的语言特点，许多表达比较固定和类似，这个部分里列出了在大部分学科中被普遍接受的常用句式。可以在论文的特定表达时使用这些句式，这将有助于使用地道语言描述研究发现。
第一部分
同义词替换
1. about（大约） — approximately
2. get — obtain
3. finish — complete
4. change — transform
5. method — technique
6. buy — purchase
7. ask — inquire
8. begin、start — commence
9. cheap — inexpensive
10. obtainable — avaible
11. use — employ
12. have — possess
13. get — acquire
14. extra — additional
15. help — assistance
16. about（关于）— concerning
17. enlarge — magnify
18. many — numerous
19. best — optimum
20. lively — vigorous
第二部分
连接词使用
1.并列递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally
2.转折：not, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, meanwhile, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite of，rather than, instead of, unfortunately
3.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely, in simpler terms
4.原因：because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to, for this reason
5.举例：for example, for instance, as such, such as, take ...for example, to illustrate, to name a few
6.强调：surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly, obviously, apparently,in fact, indeed, actually, as a matter of fact, undoubtedly
7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps
8.让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though, though, admittedly, given that
9.总结：overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result, together, collectively, thus, hence, consequently, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in brief, to conclude, to summarize, in short, briefly
10.结果：therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore, accordingly, consequently, as consequence
11. 对比比较：likewise, similarly, in parallel to, while, whereas
第三部分
常用句式
1. 说明选题的重要性：
X is the main / leading / primary / major cause of ..
Xs are a common / useful / critical part of…
Xs are among the most widely used / commonly discussed / well-known / well-documented / widespread/commonly investigated types of …
X is recognized as being / believed to be / widely considered to be the most important …
It is well known / generally accepted / common knowledge that X is …
X is increasingly becoming / set to become a vital factor in …
Xs are undergoing a revolution / generating considerable interest in terms of …
Xs are attracting considerable / increasing / widespread interest due to …
2. 概述前人做过的研究：
Last century X was considered to be / viewed as / seen as the most …
Initial / Preliminary / The first studies of X considered it to be...
Traditionally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …
Scientists / Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …
Until now / For many years / Since 1993 Xs have been considered as …
X has received much attention in the last two years / in the past decade / over the last two decades …
For the past five years / Since there has been a rapid rise in the use of Xs
The last two years have witnessed / seen a huge growth in X …
The past decade / last year has seen a renewed importance in X …
Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to …
X has become a central / an important / a critical issue in …
3. 展望未来：
The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in X
In the next few years X will become / is likely to have become
Within the next few years, X is set / destined / likely to become an important component in …
By 2025 / Within the next ten years, X will have become …
X will soon / shortly / rapidly / inevitably be an issue that …
4. 指出知识上的空缺：
Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / question of …
Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to address …
The central / core problem of
A challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglected area in the field of...
The characteristics of X are not well understood / are misunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.
It is not yet known / has not yet been established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / not widely understood.
Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to high overheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.
A major defect / difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is …
One of the main issues in our knowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of …
This particular / specific area of X has been overlooked / has been neglected / remains unclear …
Despite this interest, no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied …
Although this approach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account / does not allow for…
However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on …
Moreover, other solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...
There is still some / much / considerable controversy surrounding …
Concerns have arisen / been raised which question / call into question the validity of …
In the light of recent events in x, there is now some / much / considerable concern about …
5. 论述论文目标和贡献：
In this report / paper / review / study we …
This paper outlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to …
This paper examines / seeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …
This paper is an overview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...
The present paper aims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’s findings regarding …
X is presented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced / discussed in order to …
The aim of our work / research / study / analysis was to further / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …
The aim of this study is to study / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate / formulate …
This paper calls into question / takes a new look at / re-examines / revisits / sheds new light on …
We undertook this study / initiated this research / developed this methodology to...
We believe that we have found / developed / discovered / designed an innovative solution to …
We describe / present / consider / analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for …
