关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2)Whose用来指人或物,(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同ofwhich互换),例如:Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which/that在句中作主语)Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)