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引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式：一是直接引用别人的原话,并放在引号内,称为直接引语；二是用自己的话转述别人的话,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语的方法如下：
一．句式结构的变化
1.直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语变为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的动词主要有say ,tell等。
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."
→She saidthattheir bus would arrive in five minutes.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said, "Do you often come here to read newspapers?"
→She asked meif/whetherI often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me, "You have seen the film, haven’t you?"
→She asked meif/whetherI had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him, "Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?"
→I asked himwhetherhe would stay at homeorgo to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为仍然用原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked, "Where do you live?"
→He asked mewhereI lived.
[注意] 直接引语是疑问句时,间接引语变为陈述语序, 主句的谓语动词say 改为ask或wonder等。但是，直接引语是：What"s wrong with……? What"s the matter? What"s the trouble?/What has happened? 等特殊疑问句时,间接引语的语序不变。
He said to her “What’s wrong (the matter) with you?”
他问她“你怎么了？”
→He asked herwhat was wrong (the matter)with her.
他问她怎么了。
3.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语变为仍然用what 或how 引导的宾语从句，也可以变为用that 引导的陈述句。
She said, "What a lovely day it is !"
→She saidwhata lovely day it was .
或She saidthatit was a lovely day.
She said, "How lovely the day is !"
→She saidhowlovely the day was .
或She saidthatthe day was lovely.
4. 直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语变为 “ask / tell/ beg/ order/ warn/ advise sb (not) to do sth.”句型。
The teacher said to the boy, "Open the window."
→The teacher told the boyto openthe window.
His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open .”
→His father told himnot to leavethe door open.
二．人称代词的变化
人称代词的变化遵循“一随主，二随宾，三不变”。
1. “一随主”是指把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I，me，my，mine，we，us，our，ours) 变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
She said. "My brother wants to go with me."
→She saidherbrother wanted to go withher.
2. “二随宾”是指把直接引语中的第二人称(you，your，yours)变为和主句的宾语相一致的人称。如果主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。
He said to Kate, "How is your sister now?"
→He asked Kate howhersister was then.
She said, “Is your father an engineer?”
→She askedmewhethermyfather was an engineer.
3. “三不变”是指直接引语中的第三人称(he，him，his，she，her，hers, it，its, they, them, their，theirs)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
Mr. Smith said, "She is a good worker."
→ Mr. Smith saidshewas a good worker.
三．时态以及时间状语的变化
1. 主句的谓语动词是现在时或将来时
直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。
He says, “I like the work.”
→ He says that helikesthe work.
He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”
→ He will say hehas wateredthe flowers.
2. 主句谓语动词为过去时
间接引语中的时态以及时间状语按下列变化
He said, “I met Mr. Smith this morning.”
→ He said that hehad metMr. Smiththatmorning.
He said, “We went to the cinema yesterday.”
→He said theyhad goneto the cinemathe day before.
Lily said, “I will come back next month.”
→Lily said that shewould gobackthe next month.
时态
（1） 一般现在时→一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时→过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时→过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时→过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时→过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变
时间状语
（1）表现在的→表过去的
now→ then；
today→ that day；
this week →that week
（2）表过去的→表过去完成的
yesterday
→the day before；
last week
→the week before；
two years ago
→two years before
/earlier
（3）表一般将来的→表过去将来的
tomorrow
→ the next /following day；
next week
→the next/following week
[注意] 在以下几种情况下, 直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理, 时态不变。
"The earth moves around the sun.” the teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earthmovesaround the sun.
②直接引语中有具体的过去某年/月/日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
Xiao Wang said, "I was born on April 20, 1980."
→Xiao Wang said hewas bornon April 20, 1980.
③直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”
→Jack asked John where hewas goingwhen he met him in the street.
四． 其他变化
指示代词
this →that ,
these→ those
She said, “I will come here this evening.”
→She said that shewould go therethat evening.
表地点的词
here →there
动词
bring → take ,
come →go
巩固练习
（一）单句改错
1.He said that he is going to London.
2.Tom said they had finished the job two days ago.
3.She asked me don’t smoke in the room.
4.They asked that he was there.
5.I asked you where was he going.
6.The teacher told us not talk any more.
7.He said that the earth was round.
8. The old man said the story had happened in 1980.
9.Mary said that she would see you next week.
10.Mother asked what the matter was.
（二）将下列句子改为间接引语
1. “I never eat meat.” he said.
→He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me.
→He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said.
→ She said that ______ ______ _____ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
→The teacher said that the sun ____ in the east and ____ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.
→He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said.
→He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.
→He said that he _______ bought the house 10 years _______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
→He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
→He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”
→ He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.
→He asked me _____ _____ _____been _______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.
→ He asked ____ _____ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
→He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said.
→She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
15. “Are you interested in this?” he said.
→ He ______ ______ I was interested in ______.
【参考答案】
（一）I. 1.is→was 2. ago →before 3.don’t→not to 4.that→if/whether 5.was he →he was 6.not 后面加to 7. was →is 8. 去掉had 9. next前面加the 10.was the matter
（二）1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if /whether, before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had
11. where, I, had, those 12. if /whether, I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if / whether, that
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