备战XX届高考英语(通用版)一轮复习
专题04 名词性从句
【考纲解读】
名词性从句是复合句的一种,前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题;近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活,往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查,对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。XX年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例,有18道考查到该部分,XX年考查的比例更大,有20道题考查了名词性从句的用法,可见对名词性从句的重视程度。笔者认为,在单项选择题中,近几年题干语境越来越丰富,句子结构也越来越复杂,其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例,命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查,是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一,所以我们可以断言,以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。
【知识要点】
一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
如:whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.(主语从句)
i don’t know what he means.(宾语从句)
i’m glad that you are here.(宾语从句用在形容词之后)
the teacher is satisfied with what you have done.(介词宾语从句)
that was because he was ill.(表语从句)
the news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.(同位语从句)
二、引导名词性从句的连接词
连接词词义功能
that无词义不作成分,只起连接作用
whether/if是否不作成分,起连接作用
what,which什么,哪个作主语、宾语、表语
who,whom,whose谁,谁的作主语、宾语、定语
when,where,how,why什么时候/地方,怎么样,为什么作状语
how many/much多少作定语
how soon/often/long/much多久,多久一次,多长,多么作状语
......词义及功能同疑问词
whatever=anything that无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语
whosever=anyone whose无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语
whichever=anything that无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语
whoever=anyone who无论谁作主语
whomever=anyone whom无论谁作宾语
1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后。如:
i could say nothing but that i’m sorry.
that引导的从句可作it的同位语从句。如:
you may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
2.that引导宾语从句时可省略;引导其他名词性从句时,一般不省略,特别是引导主语从句且位于句首时。如:
that the earth is round is true.
the fact that he is a thief got around.
注意:下面一句中,第一个that可省略,第二个that不可省略:
he said(that) he had been working here for ten years and that he wanted to go home.
3.whether与if引导名词性从句时的区别。