实用英语语法
第二十八讲
条件，让步，方式，地点状语从句
条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that等。
if引导的条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。
If you are free this weekend, we can go hiking.
如果你周末有空，我们可以去徒步旅行。
You can help me preparing the dinner if you don mind.
如果你不介意的话，你可以帮我准备晚餐。
If I were you, I would not do it again.（虚拟语气）
如果我是你，我不会再这么做了。
If you had been there, you would have decided to stay there forever.（虚拟语气）
如果你在那里，你会决定永远呆在那里。
As long as you promise to keep it to yourself, Ill tell you about it.
只要你保证保守保密，我就告诉你。
I go jogging every morning unless the weather is bad.
除非天气不好，否则我每天早上都去慢跑。
Unless you run fast, you will miss the bus.
除非你跑得快，否则会错过公共汽车的。
unless相当于 if not.
让步状语从句
在表达自己想法时，如果没有想让步，语气往往太绝对，这显然是不利于和别人交流的，甚至可能引起冲突。因此呢，请大家平时多点宽容，对不同观念，甚至不同人生观的人予以理解吧。
让步状语从句 常用连词有：although, though, as, while, even if, however等.
Although it had rained, its still hot.
虽然下过雨，但还是很热。
Although some people have a college degree, they can find a good job.
有些人虽然有大学学位，但找不到一份好工作。
Though I tried hard, I failed in the exam.
虽然我努力了，但考试还是不及格。
Even though it rained, we still had a great time during our school trip.
尽管下雨了，我们在学校旅行时还是玩得很开心。
although和though用法一样；although从句只能在句首。
我们习惯说“虽然...，但是...”，但用英语表达时，though, although千万不要和but同时出现在句子中。
Young as she is, she is already well-known as a pianist.
虽然年轻，但她已经是为知名的钢琴家了。
Hard as the old man tried, he couldn get up by himself.
尽管老人很努力，他还是站不起来。
A little boy as he is, he is very helpful to his parents.
虽然他是个小孩，但他能帮父母的忙了。
as引导让步状语从句，要用倒装句。
While they live in the same building, theyve never talked to each other.
虽然他们住在同一幢楼里，但他们从未交谈过。
Even if it doesn taste delicious, you should eat some.
即使味道不好，你也应该吃一些。
Whether you like her or not You must be polite.
不管你喜不喜欢她，你都要有礼貌。
Whether you are rich or poor, life today is better and easier than it was a century ago.
无论你有没有钱，现在生活比一个世纪前总是更好更容易。
However difficult the problem may be, challenge your mind to work it out.
无论问题有多困难，开动脑筋去解决它。
No matter how kind you are, he will never be grateful.
无论你多么好，他永远不会感激你。
no matter how=however
no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever
但是：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
最后，请大家注意，在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果时间是将来的话，一般主句用将来时，从句用现在时：
If you get up now, youll catch the school bus.
如果你现在起来，你会赶上校车的。
As soon as I finish my homework, I will go to the park.
我一做完作业就去公园。
地点状语从句。通常由where, wherever 等引导。
Put the medicine where the children can reach for it.
把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。
He made friends Wherever he went.
他无论到哪里都交朋友。
You can go wherever you want to go.
你可以去任何你想去的地方。
方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as，as if，as though，the way，what引导：
Do as you are told.
让你做什么，你就做什么。
Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
空气对人就像水对鱼一样。
The room was decorated just as he had imagined.
房间就是按他想象的那样装修的。
He works in the farm the way a farmer does.
他像农民一样在农场干活。
It looks as if its going to rain.
看来要下雨了。
He swallowed as if /though he had not had anything for a week.
他狼吞虎咽的样子，好像有一个星期没吃东西似的。
as if/as though后面可能用虚拟语气哦。
在状语从句中，如果主句和从句是同一个主语的话，从句常常用省略句：
When listening to music, I feel very relaxed.
听音乐时，我感到很放松。
If possible, I hope I can go to university.
如果可能的话，我希望我能上大学。
The medicine is effective if taken in time.
如果按时服用，这种药是有效的。
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