science versus nature教案
teaching plan of grammar and usage
teaching objects:
1. learn the usage of verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases
2. learn the difference and usage of verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives
teaching procedures:
step i introduction
verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语)
when the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause. the verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie … etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time.
please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences
1) the handwritten notes are from jack.
2) the kidnappers were using a stolen car.
3) a dark-haired man went into the room.
4)the cake was left untouched on the table.
5) the girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶残骸).
step ii the usage of verb-ed form
the functions of verb-ed form
1. attribute(定语)
1)a single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. it can be changed into an attributive clause.
we should drink boiled water. = we should drink water which has been boiled
they took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once.
= they took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once.
2) generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen.
the escaped criminal逃犯 past
the developed countries发达国家 past
a widely used language passive
the retired scientist past
the highly praised scientist passive
fallen leaves 落叶 past
the risen sun升起的太阳 past
the exploited classes 被剥削阶级 passive
3) a verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does.
the name mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.
