直接引语转间接引语的变化规律
一、时态的变化
在将直接引语改为间接引语时，如果主句谓语为一般过去时，间接引语的时态要作相应的变化（即要用相对应的过去的某种时态）。一般的变化情况见下表：
例如：
①The girl said, "Im sorry for being late for class."
→The girl said that she wassorry for being late for class.
那姑娘说对不起她上课迟到了
②My mother said to me, "Your classmate is waiting for you in the sitting room."
→My mother told me that my classmate was waitingfor me in the sitting room.
我母亲告诉我，我的同学正在客厅等我。
③She said, "I have seen the film Titanic."
→She said that she had seenthe film Titanic.
她说她看过了电影《泰坦尼克号》
④Li Hua said to me," Your parents have been looking for you."
→Li Hua told me that my parents had been lookingfor me.
李华告诉我，我的父母正在找我。
⑤He said, "I made some spelling mistakes yesterday."
→He said that he had made some spelling mistakes the day before.
他说他前一天出了一些拼写错误。
⑥The student said," I had learnt about 5,000 English words by the end of last year."
→The student said that he had learntabout 5,000 English words by the end of the year before.
那个学生说到去年年底他已经学了5，000个单词。
⑦He asked me, "What were you doing at that time?"
→He asked me what I was doing at that time.
他问我那时我在干什么？
⑧She said, "I will go there this afternoon."
→She said (that) she would go there that afternoon.
她说她那天下午将去那里。
【特别提醒】
如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，则间接引语的时态可不必改变（即用所需要的任何时态。例如：
He says, "Ill never forget the lecture given by Professor Li."
→He says that hell never forget the lecture given by Professor Li.
他说他将永远不会忘记李教授的演讲。
二、人称的变化
在将直接引语改为间接引语时，人称（物主）代词的变化规律有如下几种：
（1）当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称（物主）代词不变。例如：
I said, “You did quite well in the exam yesterday”. 我说：“你昨天考得不错。”
→ I said that youhad done quite well in the exam the day before.我说你那天考得不错。
（2）直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称 一致。例如：
He said to Tom, Ill do my best to catch up with others. 他对汤姆说：“我将尽力赶上其他人。”
（3）直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。例如：
He said to her, “Where did you put the glasses?” 他对她说：“你把杯子放哪了？
→ He asked her where she had put the glasses. 他问她把杯子放哪儿了。
【特别提醒】
如果主句中没有宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添一个适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。例如：
Mother asked, “Where have you been?” 母亲问：“你去哪了？”
→ Mother asked me where I had been. 母亲问我去哪儿了。
（4）直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。例如：
He said to Tom, “She can help them.”他对汤姆说：“她能够帮助他们。”
→ He told Tom that she could help them. 他告诉汤姆她能够帮助他们。
三、词语的变化
在将直接引语改为间接引语时，词语的变化规律有下列几种情况：
（1）指示代词this往往改为that，these改为those。例如：
①She said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
→ She said that that was the house in which Lu Xun had once lived.
她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
② I bought these flowers for you, Jane said.
→ Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me.
简说那些花是她为我买的。
（2）在将直接引语改为间接引语时，表示时间的副词经常要随之变化，其变化的规则见下表：
例如：
①He said, "I will come here again tonight."
→He said that he would go there again that night.
他说他今天晚上再去那儿。
②She said, "I arrived yesterday morning."
→She said that she (had) arrivedthe morning before.
他说他昨天早晨到达的。
③The student said, We have learned about 3,000 English words so far.
→The student said that they had learned about 3,000 English words by then.
那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3,000个英语单词。
（3）在将直接引语改为间接引语时，表示地点的状语here，习惯上改为there；表示方向的动词come、bring经常改为go、take。例如：
The boy said, “I’ll come here this afternoon.” 这位男孩说：“今天下午我要来这儿。”
→The boy said that he’ll go there that afternoon. 这位男孩说那天下午他要去那儿。”
【特别提醒】
在实际运用中，如果当时当地转述别人的话时，则here不用改为there，come和bring不用改为go和take，时间状语也可以不变。
He said, "I’ll come here to visit the exhibition tomorrow."
→He said that he would come here to visit the exhibition tomorrow.
他说他将来这儿参观明天的展览。
四、标点的变化
标点符号的转换：直接引语转换成间接引语，标点符号遵循“两去两改”的原则。去掉冒号和引号。感叹号、问号都改成句号。例如：
①The teacher said to us, “Knowledge is power."
→The teacher told us that knowledge is power.
老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”
②"Is everybody here?” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked if / whether everybody was there.
老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”
【妙法助记】
1. 人称变化规律
2. 间接引语的引导词
