本文由百鸣英语张谦老师提供，主要针对直接引语和间接引语在实际中的运用进行讲解、说明，以供老师们参考、教学之用，同时欢迎各位老师积极提出宝贵建议。
直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾语来表示，其结构为：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell, ask, order, command, request等词，句中please去掉。一、肯定祈使句
【基本形式】
直接引语格式为：Do sth., (please ).
间接引语格式为：tell / ask / order sb. to do sth.例如：
①“Tidythelabaftertheexperiment”,theteachersaid.
→Theteacherasked / ordered / told us to tidy thelabaftertheexperiment.
老师叫我们做完实验后打扫实验室。
②He said, "Get everything ready in two hour, please."
→He asked us to get everything ready in two hours.
他要我们在两个小时做好一切准备。
【思维拓展】
1.有的祈使句含有please一词, 以表示婉转的语气, 将这类祈使句变为间接引语, 通常将原句的say改为ask或beg。值得注意的是, please一词在改为间接引语时去掉。例如:
①Tom said to Alice, “Come here tomorrow, please."
→Tom asked Alice to go there the next day.
汤姆要求艾丽斯第二天去那里。
②He said to her, Please don"t tell John the news.
→He asked her not to tell John the news.
他要求她不要把那个消息告诉约翰。
③She said, “Please give me some milk."
→She begged me to give her some milk.
她请求我给她一点儿牛奶。
2.如果是上级对下级说的话, 或者原句带有命令式的口气, 一般用动词order或tell, 也可用say＋that从句, 从句的谓语用be to＋不定式或have got to ＋不定式表示。例如:
①He said to us, “Get it done at once."
→He ordered us to get it done at once.
→He said that we were to get it done at once.
他命令我们马上把它办好。
②The doctor said, “Stay in bed for a week."
→The doctor ordered /told me to stay in bed for a week.
→The doctor said that I had got to stay in bed for a week.
大夫嘱咐我卧床静养一周。
③She said, “Don"t close the windows."
→She told me not to close the windows.
→She said that I wasn"t to close the windows.
她叫我不要关窗户。
3.提醒对方有某种危险或不利的祈使句变为间接引语时, 常用动词warn。例如:
①He said, “Be careful with fire."
→He warned us to be careful with fire.
他提醒我们要注意火灾。
②He said, “Keep away from the fire, children."
→He warned /ordered the children to keep away from the fire.
他提醒孩子们不要靠近火。
二、否定祈使句
【基本形式】
直接引语格式为：Don"tdosth.,（please）.
间接引语格式为：tell / ask / order sb. not to do sth. 例如：
①She said to us, "Don"t drink this water."
→She told us not to drink that water.
她告诉我们不要喝这水。
②Don"t all answer at once, she said to the pupils.
她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。
→ She told the pupils not to answer all at once.
她叫学生不要齐声回答。
【思维拓展】
提醒他人别忘了做某事的祈使句, 变为间接引语时, 一般用remind。例如:
He said, “Don"t forget to bring your umbrella."
→He reminded me to bring my umbrella.
→He told me not to forget to bring my umbrella.
他提醒我/告诉我别忘了带雨伞。
如果他人用祈使句劝告自己不要做某事, 自己转述此话时, 可用say ＋ that从句, 从句的谓语用shouldn"t＋动词原形表示。例如:
He said, “Don"t run so fast if the road is so slippery."
→He said I shouldn"t run so fast if the road was so slippery.
他对我说如果道路很滑就不要跑得那么快。
三、Let引起的祈使句
带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令），可用suggest +v-ing或suggest +that从句来表示其意思。
【基本形式】
直接引语格式为：Letsb.dosth.
间接引语格式为：主语+suggest＋doing sth. 或suggest＋that从句句式, 有时也用urge sb. to do sth. 表示。例如:
①He said, “Let"s go out for a walk."
→He suggested that they should go out for a walk.
→He suggested their going out for a walk.
他建议他们到外面去散步。
②Mother said, “Let Henry tidy the sitting room."
→Mother suggested that Henry should tidy the sitting room.
→Mother suggested Henry"s tidying the sitting room.
母亲提议由亨利来整理客厅。
③She said, “Let"s not tell Tom the bad news."
→She suggested not telling Tom the bad news.
→She suggested that they should not tell Tom the bad news.
她建议他们不要告诉汤姆那个不幸的消息。
④He said, “Let"s not tell Tom anything about it."
→He urged them not to tell Tom anything about it.
他让他们不要告诉汤姆关于那件事的任何情况。
如果说话者提议或自愿为对方做某事, 一般用offer ＋不定式表示。例如:
①Tom said, “Let me help you with your work."
→Tom offered to help me with my work.
汤姆表示愿意帮助我工作。
②They said, “Let us pay for your dinner."
→They have offered to pay for our dinner.
他们已经表示愿意为我们付饭钱。
感叹句
直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导的宾语从句，也可以用that引导的宾语从句，有时还可用其它适当的动词来转述。如：
①"How fast he runs!" he said.他说，他跑得多快呀！
→He said how fast he ran. 他说他跑得多么快。
→He said that he ran very fast.他说他跑得多么快。
②What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him.
老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！
→My teacher told him what a clever boy he was.
老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。
→ My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy.
老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。
【思维拓展】
有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。
①Help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！
→ He called for help. 他大声呼救。
②What terrible weather it is! he said. 他说：多么糟糕的天气！
→ He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。
③She said, "Happy New Year! "她说：新年快乐！
→She wished me a happy New Year.她祝愿我新年愉快。
直接引语中有"Yes"或"No"
【基本形式】
直接引语中有"yes"或"no"时，间接引可用“主语＋适当的动词或助动词”结构表示。如 :
①He said, "Will you do it?" and I said, "No.
→He asked if I would do it and I said that I would.
他问我是否做了，我说做了。
②She said, "Can you dance ?" and I said, "No."
→She asked(me) if I could dance and I said that I couldn"t.
她问我是否会跳舞，我说不会。
【妙法助记】
祈使句变为间接引语的规律
去掉引号要加to; ask, order须记住, 直引若是否定式,not 加在 to前头。
一改（主句谓语动词）；
二变（呼语为间接宾语）；
三加（to）四去（please）
上接“语法讲解：直接引语和间接引语（I）”
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